The Integrated National Police (INP) (

Filipino Filipino may refer to: * Something from or related to the Philippines ** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines. ** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...

: ''Pinagsamang Pulisyáng Pambansà'', ''PPP'';

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

:''Policía Nacional Conjunto'', ''PNC'') was the

municipal police Municipal police, city police, or local police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. This includes the municipal government, where it is the smallest administrative subdivision. They receive funding ...

force for the

cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

and large towns of the

Republic of the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. One of two national

police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...

forces in the country along with the

Philippine Constabulary The Philippine Constabulary (PC; tl, Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas, ''HPP''; es, Policía de Filipinas, ''PF'') was a gendarmerie-type police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991, and the predecessor to the Philippine National Po ...

, it merged with the latter in 1991 to form the present Philippine National Police.

Development

Until the mid-1970s, the independent city and municipal police forces took charge of maintaining peace and order on a local level, and when necessary was reinforced by the

, the national gendarmerie that was a major branch of the

Armed Forces of the Philippines The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) ( fil, Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) are the military forces of the Philippines. It consists of three main service branches; the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy (including the Marine Corps). The ...

. The National Police Commission was established in 1966 to improve the professionalism and training of local police and exercised some supervisory authority over the police. During martial law in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos, several presidential decrees were amalgamating the police, fire, and jail services of the 1,500 cities and municipalities into a unified national police and civil defense formation, the Integrated National Police (INP), beginning in 1974. On 8 August 1975, Presidential Decree 765 officially established the joint command structure of the Philippine Constabulary and Integrated National Police. The arrangement became known as the Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police (PC-INP), and INP became also an element of the Armed Forces since it was then under supervision of the Constabulary. The commanding general of the Constabulary was also concurrently the Director General of the INP, responsible to the Minister of National Defense and to the President.

Criticism

The Integrated National Police was the subject of criticism, and officers were accused of involvement in illegal activities, violent acts and abuse, with corruption being a frequent charge. To save their public image, the government sponsored highly publicised programs to identify and punish police offenders, and training designed to raise their standard of appearance, conduct, and performance.Militia Abuses in the Philippines, Chapter 2
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Organization

The INP, as a paramilitary national police force and due to its joint command with the PC, used the rank system of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in force at that time in keeping with the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1184 (the Integrated National Police Personnel Professionalization Law of 1977). As an organization that is a part of the PC, the Commanding General PC, since 1975, was also Director General of the INP and its 13 regional commanders serving as regional chiefs of police responsible for the 73 Provincial INP Commands, which in turn, were responsible for the operations of the police districts, city and municipal police stations, substations and precincts under their control. In Metro Manila, the

Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command The Philippine Constabulary (PC) Metropolitan Command or MetroCom ( es, Comando Metropolitana de la Constabularia Filipina, COMMET) was created pursuant to Executive Order of President Ferdinand Marcos on 14 July 1967 to supplement police forces wit ...

was concurrent chief of the Metropolitan (Manila) Police Force, underwhich the capital's 4 police districts were under his supervision, which in turn were organized into the city and town police stations and subordinate units. Fire and jail protection units were under the overall control of the national headquarters thru regional commands.

Merger

On New Year's Day 1991, the INP was subsumed into the PC to form the Philippine National Police (PNP), which took responsibility for most former INP functions including the fire and penal services, The PNP assumed responsibility for the counterinsurgency effort from the

in 1993.

References

;Citations ;Bibliography

External links